Association of 1-y changes in diet pattern with cardiovascular disease risk factors and adipokines: results from the 1-y randomized Oslo Diet and Exercise Study.

Description

One-year changes in diet patterns, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and adipokines were examined in the Oslo Diet and Exercise Study. Men meeting the metabolic syndrome clinical criteria (National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III) were randomly assigned to a diet group (n=45), an exercise group (n=48), a diet and exercise group (n=58), or a control group (n=36). A diet score was created by summing tertile rankings of 35 food group variables (a higher score indicated recommended dietary changes). Over the one-year follow-up, the diet score increased by about 2±5.5 in the two diet groups but decreased to a similar extent in the exercise and control groups. The weight change was -3.5±0.6 kg/10-point change in diet score in the three intervention groups. Adjusting for intervention group and percent body fat attenuated this relationship, which nevertheless remained significant. Subjects who increased their diet score had more favourable changes in waist circumference, percent body fat, systolic blood pressure, levels of cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin. Changes in diet score were not related to other cytokine/inflammatory variables such as resistin, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-a, C-reactive protein, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.