Because limited data is available to demonstrate an inverse relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of stroke, this study explored whether there is a relationship between these two variables in a sample of 74,886 women of the Nurse’s Health Study. Women in the top Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score quintile had a lower risk of coronary heart disease and stroke compared to women in the lowest quintile. Cardiovascular disease mortality was also reduced in women of the top quintile of the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score.