This paper reviews the non-pharmacologic treatment strategies to treat dyslipidemia which is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. All dyslipidemic patients should adhere to optimal nutrition and reach ideal body weight combined with aerobic and resistance exercise programs. For the low- to moderate-risk patients, scientifically proven nutritional supplements are the second cornerstone of therapy. The best clinical data for reduction of cardiovascular disease with nutritional supplements is with omega-3 fatty acids, alpha linoleic acid and to a lesser extent with niacin and fiber. Clinical studies support the ability of diet, lifestyle modifications and nutritional supplements to reduce serum cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides by 30-40% in most patients. However, among the high- and very high-risk patients, pharmacologic agents are recommended in combination with diet, nutrition, exercise, weight loss and nutritional supplements. This approach to dyslipidemia management improves coronary heart disease outcomes, minimize adverse effects and reduce health care costs. Pharmacologic therapies were not discussed in this review.
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