The aim of this study was to examine the influence of macronutrient intake on adiponectin levels. For that purpose, 161 pre-hypertensive and hypertensive stage 1 subjects from the Optimal Macro-Nutrient Intake Heart trial were selected. Participants underwent three 6-week feeding periods: one rich in carbohydrates (CARB), one rich in monounsaturated fat (MUFA), and one rich in protein (PROT), while maintaining body weight. Results showed that modest changes in macronutrient intake (i.e., a 10% shift in calories) generated changes in both high molecular weight (HMW) and total adiponectin levels. Moreover, the MUFA-rich diet led to the largest increases in total and HMW adiponectin levels. Changes in adiponectin were strongly associated with changes in HDL cholesterol but not with changes in insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk factors. These results suggest that adiponectin levels can be modulated by changes in diet composition in the context of stable body weight.
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