This study was designed to compare the effects of an exercise-induced energy deficit vs. carbohydrate deficit on insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism the next day. For that purpose, nine healthy men participated in four randomized interventions (1-control; 2- exercise and nutrient balance; 3- exercise and deficiency in carbohydrates and 4- exercise and deficiency in total energy). The results showed that maintaining an energy deficit after a single session of exercise did not augment the effect of exercise on insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, this study confirmed that consuming low carbohydrate content in meals after exercise prevents the restoration of muscle glycogen concentration the next morning and significantly increases insulin sensitivity the next day. The authors also reported that the exercise-induced energy deficit provided a powerful effect on endogenous lipid metabolism represented by elevated plasma triglyceride concentrations, as well as an increased plasma fatty acid mobilization and oxidation the day after exercise. Thus, these results support the important role of exercise to improve metabolic health.
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