This exhaustive review paper by Richard D. Mates and Barry M. Popkin provides a perspective on nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS), covering several topics such as consumption of NNS; the association between consumption of NNS and appetite, energy intake, and body mass index; mechanisms by which NNS can aid in weight management; mechanisms by which NNS may stimulate appetite; mechanisms by which NNS may enhance energy intake or balance; loss of signal fidelity; activation of reward systems; and NNS and palatability. Although NNS have been approved for safe use, their influence on appetite feeding, energy balance, and body weight requires further clarification.
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