Targeting Traditional CVD Risk Factors in Patients With Abdominal Obesity

Numerous organizations have published an array of guidelines on managing acknowledged risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Among the management approaches used are treatment of hypertension and dyslipidemia (lowering LDL cholesterol in particular), smoking cessation, and better glycemic control. These measures can produce significant clinical benefits for the patient. This section provides useful links and information to help you better manage these risk factors.

PUBLICATIONS

• Joseph JJ, Deedwania P, Acharya T, et al. Comprehensive Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022;145:e722-e759.

PubMed ID: 35000404

• Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: Developed by the Task Force for cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice with representatives of the European Society of Cardiology and 12 medical societies With the special contribution of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2022;75:429.

PubMed ID: 35525570

• Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145:e895-e1032.

PubMed ID: 35363499

• Wenger NK, Lloyd-Jones DM, Elkind MSV, et al. Call to Action for Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Epidemiology, Awareness, Access, and Delivery of Equitable Health Care: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022;145:e1059-e1071.

PubMed ID: 35531777

• Lloyd-Jones DM, Allen NB, Anderson CAM, et al. Life’s Essential 8: Updating and Enhancing the American Heart Association’s Construct of Cardiovascular Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022;146:e18-e43.

PubMed ID: 35766027

• Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021;143:e72-e227.

PubMed ID: 33332150

• Powell-Wiley TM, Poirier P, Burke LE, et al. Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;143:e984-e1010.

PubMed ID: 33882682

• Streed CG Jr, Beach LB, Caceres BA, et al. Assessing and Addressing Cardiovascular Health in People Who Are Transgender and Gender Diverse: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;144:e136-e148.

PubMed ID: 34235936

• Lloyd-Jones DM, Albert MA, Elkind M. The American Heart Association’s Focus on Primordial Prevention. Circulation. 2021;144:e233-e235.

PubMed ID: 34633862

• Kris-Etherton PM, Petersen KS, Després JP, et al. Strategies for Promotion of a Healthy Lifestyle in Clinical Settings: Pillars of Ideal Cardiovascular Health: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;144:e495-e514.

PubMed ID: 34689589

• Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Vadiveloo M, et al. 2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;144:e472-e487.

PubMed ID: 34724806

• Laddu D, Ma J, Kaar J, Ozemek C, et al. Health Behavior Change Programs in Primary Care and Community Practices for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Risk Factor Management Among Midlife and Older Adults: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;144:e533-e549.

PubMed ID: 34732063

• Pearson GJ, Thanassoulis G, Anderson, TJ, et al. 2021 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults. Can J Cardiol. 2021;37:1129-1150.

PubMed ID: 33781847

• Atar D, Jukema JW, Molemans B, et al. New cardiovascular prevention guidelines: How to optimally manage dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular risk in 2021 in patients needing secondary prevention? Atherosclerosis. 2021;319:51-61.

PubMed ID: 33476944

• Handelsman Y, Jellinger PS, Guerin CS, et al. Consensus Statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Algorithm – 2020 Executive Summary. Endocr Pract. 2020;26:1196-1224.

PubMed ID: 33471721

• El Khoudary SR, Aggarwal B, Beckie TM, et al. Menopause Transition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Implications for Timing of Early Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;142:e506-e532.

PubMed ID: 33251828

• Arnold SV, Bhatt DL, Barsness GW, et al.  Clinical Management of Stable Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141:e779-e806.

PubMed ID: 32279539

• White-Williams C, Rossi LP, Bittner VA, et al. Addressing Social Determinants of Health in the Care of Patients With Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141:e841-e863.

PubMed ID: 32349541

• Chung MK, Eckhardt LL, Chen LY, et al. Lifestyle and Risk Factor Modification for Reduction of Atrial Fibrillation: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141:e750-e772.

PubMed ID: 32148086

• Harrington RA, Califf RM, Balamurugan A, et al. Call to Action: Rural Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association. Circulation. 2020;141:e615-e644.

PubMed ID: 32078375

• Angell SY, McConnell MV, Anderson CAM, et al. The American Heart Association 2030 Impact Goal: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141:e120-e138.

PubMed ID: 31992057

• Carson JAS, Lichtenstein AH, Anderson CAM, et al. Dietary Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Risk: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141:e39-e53.

PubMed ID: 31838890

• Damluji AA, Forman DE, van Diepen S, et al. Older Adults in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: Factoring Geriatric Syndromes in the Management, Prognosis, and Process of Care: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141:e6-e32.

PubMed ID: 31813278

• American Diabetes Association. 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43:S111-S134.

PubMed ID: 31862753

• Bassetti CLA, Randerath W, Vignatelli L, et al. EAN/ERS/ESO/ESRS Statement on the Impact of Sleep Disorders on Risk and Outcome of Stroke. Eur Respir J. 2020;55:1901104.

PubMed ID: 32317355

• Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias: Lipid Modification to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. Eur Heart J. 2020;41:111-188.

PubMed ID: 31504418

• Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases Developed in Collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2020;41:255-323.

PubMed ID: 31497854

• Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019;50:e344-e418.

PubMed ID: 31662037

• Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;140:e673-e691.

PubMed ID: 31422671

• Treat-Jacobson D, McDermott MM, Beckman JA, et al. Implementation of Supervised Exercise Therapy for Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;140:e700-e710.

PubMed ID: 31446770

• Dunlay SM, Givertz MM, Aguilar D, et al. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the Heart Failure Society of America: This Statement Does Not Represent an Update of the 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Heart Failure Guideline Update. Circulation. 2019;140:e294-e324.

PubMed ID: 31167558

• Ahmad F, McNally EM, Ackerman MJ, et al. Establishment of Specialized Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics Programs: Recognizing the Need and Meeting Standards: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Genom Precis Med. 2019;12:e000054.

PubMed ID: 31117808

• Adeoye O, Nyström KV, Yavagal DR, et al. Recommendations for the Establishment of Stroke Systems of Care: A 2019 Update. Stroke. 2019;50:e187-e210.

PubMed ID: 31104615

• Anderson CAM, Thorndike AN, Lichtenstein AH, et al. Innovation to Create a Healthy and Sustainable Food System: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139:e1025-e1032.

PubMed ID: 31030543

• Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019;140(11):e596-e646.

PubMed ID: 30879355

• Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73:e285-e350.

PubMed ID: 30423393

• Ahmed N, Audebert H, Turc G, et al. Consensus Statements and Recommendations from the ESO-Karolinska Stroke Update Conference, Stockholm 11-13 November 2018. Eur Stroke J. 2019;4:307-317

PubMed ID: 31903429

• Fuentes B, Ntaios G, Putaala J, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) Guidelines on Glycaemia Management in Acute Stroke. Eur Stroke J. 2018;3:5-21.

PubMed ID: 31008333

• Tobe SW, Stone JA, Anderson T, et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Harmonized National Guidelines Endeavour (C-CHANGE) guideline for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in primary care: 2018 update. CMAJ. 2018;190:E1192-E1206.

PubMed ID: 30301743

• Jellinger PS, Handelsman Y, Rosenblit PD, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Endocr Pract. 2017;23:1-87.

PubMed ID: 28437620

• Anderson TJ, Grégoire J, Pearson GJ, et al. 2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Adult. Can J Cardiol. 2016;32:1263-1282.

PubMed ID: 27712954

WEBSITES

• American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE)

Clinical Practice Guidelines

• American College of Cardiology (ACC)

Guidelines and Clinical Documents

• American Heart Association (AHA)

Guidelines and Statements

• Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS)

Guidelines and Position Statement Library

• Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Guidelines and Recommendations

• European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

Guidelines and Scientific Documents

• European Stroke Organisation (ESO)

Guidelines

• Heart Foundation, Australia

Clinical Guidelines

• Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada

Position Statements

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

Cardiovascular Conditions

• World Health Organization (WHO)

Cardiovascular Disease

PUBLICATIONS

• Pearson GJ, Thanassoulis G, Anderson, TJ, et al. 2021 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults. Can J Cardiol. 2021;37:1129-1150.

PubMed ID: 33781847

• Atar D, Jukema JW, Molemans B, et al. New cardiovascular prevention guidelines: How to optimally manage dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular risk in 2021 in patients needing secondary prevention? Atherosclerosis. 2021;319:51-61.

PubMed ID: 33476944

• Handelsman Y, Jellinger PS, Guerin CS, et al. Consensus Statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Algorithm – 2020 Executive Summary. Endocr Pract. 2020;26:1196-1224.

PubMed ID: 33471721

• Carson JAS, Lichtenstein AH, Anderson CAM, et al. Dietary Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Risk: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141:e39-e53.

PubMed ID: 31838890

• Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias: Lipid Modification to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. Eur Heart J. 2020;41:111-188.

PubMed ID: 31504418

• Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73:e285-e350.

PubMed ID: 30423393

• Skulas-Ray AC, Wilson PWF, Harris WS, et a. Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;140:e673-e691.

PubMed ID: 31422671

• Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee, Mancini GBJ, Hegele RA, Leiter LA. Dyslipidemia. Can J Diabetes. 2018;42:S178-S185.

PubMed ID: 29650093

• Jellinger PS, Handelsman Y, Rosenblit PD, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Endocr Pract. 2017;23:1-87.

PubMed ID: 28437620

• Anderson TJ, Grégoire J, Pearson GJ, et al. 2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Adult. Can J Cardiol. 2016;32:1263-1282.

PubMed ID: 27712954

• Allan GM, Lindblad AJ, Comeau A, et al. Simplified Lipid Guidelines: Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Primary Care. Can Fam Physician. 2015;61:857-67.

PubMed ID: 26472792

WEBSITES

• American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE)

Cardiometabolic and Lipids Resource Center

• American Heart Association (AHA)

Guidelines and Statements

• Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS)

Guidelines and Position Statement Library

• European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

Guidelines and Scientific Documents

• Heart Foundation

Lipid Management Clinical Information and Resources

• Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada

Position Statements

• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

High Blood Cholesterol

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

Lipid Disorders

PUBLICATIONS

• Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Guidelines. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2022 Mar 18.

PubMed ID: 31577399

• Rabi DM, McBrien KA, Sapir-Pichhadze R, et al. Hypertension Canada’s 2020 Comprehensive Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, and Treatment of Hypertension in Adults and Children. Can J Cardiol. 2020;36:596‐624.

PubMed ID: 32389335

• Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2018;36:1953‐2041.

PubMed ID: 30234752

• Muntner P, Shimbo D, Carey RM, et al. Measurement of Blood Pressure in Humans: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2019;73:e35‐e66.

PubMed ID: 30827125

• Carey RM, Calhoun DA, Bakris GL, et al. Resistant Hypertension: Detection, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2018;72:e53‐e90.

PubMed ID: 30354828

• Reboussin DM, Allen NB, Griswold ME, et al. Systematic Review for the 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018;71:e116‐e135.

PubMed ID: 29133355

• Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018;71:e13‐e115.

PubMed ID: 29133356

• James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. 2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Report from the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014;311:507‐520.

PubMed ID: 24352797

WEBSITES

• American Heart Association (AHA)

Guidelines and Statements

• European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

Clinical Practice Guidelines

• European Society of Hypertension (ESH)

Arterial Hypertension

• Heart Foundation

Hypertension Clinical Information and Guidelines

• Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada

Position Statements

• Hypertension Canada

Hypertension Guidelines

• International Society of Hypertension (ISH)

ISH Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines

• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

High Blood Pressure

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

Hypertension

• World Health Organization (WHO)

Hypertension

PUBLICATIONS

• American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S17-S38.

PubMed ID: 34964875

• American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 3. Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Comorbidities: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S39-S45.

PubMed ID: 34964876

• American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, et al. 5. Facilitating Behavior Change and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S60-S82.

PubMed ID: 34964866

• American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, et al. 8. Obesity and Weight Management for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S113-S124.

PubMed ID: 34964843

• American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, et al. 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S125-S143.

PubMed ID: 34964831

• American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S144-S174.

PubMed ID: 34964815

• Blonde L, Umpierrez GE, Reddy SS, et al. Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. Endocr Pract. 2022;28:923-1049.

PubMed ID: 35963508

• Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, et al. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 2022;65:1925-1966.

PubMed ID: 36151309

• Joseph JJ, Deedwania P, Acharya T, et al. Comprehensive Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022;145:e722-e759.

PubMed ID: 35000404

• American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jan;44(Suppl 1):S15-S33

PubMed ID: 33298413

• American Diabetes Association. 3. Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jan;44(Suppl 1):S34-S39

PubMed ID: 33298414

• American Diabetes Association. 5. Facilitating Behavior Change and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jan;44(Suppl 1):S53-S72

PubMed ID: 33298416

• American Diabetes Association. 6. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jan;44(Suppl 1):S73-S84

PubMed ID: 33298417

• American Diabetes Association. 8. Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jan;44(Suppl 1):S100-S110

PubMed ID: 33298419

• American Diabetes Association. 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jan;44(Suppl 1):S111-S124

PubMed ID: 33298420

• American Diabetes Association. 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jan;44(Suppl 1):S125-S150

PubMed ID: 33298421

• Garber AJ, Handelsman Y, Grunberger G, et al. Consensus Statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm – 2020 Executive Summary. Endocr Pract. 2020;26:107‐139.

PubMed ID: 32022600

• American Diabetes Association. 3. Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43:S32‐S36.

PubMed ID: 31862746

• American Diabetes Association. 5. Facilitating Behavior Change and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43:S48‐S65.

PubMed ID: 31862748

• American Diabetes Association. 6. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43:S66‐S76.

PubMed ID: 31862749

• American Diabetes Association. 8. Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43:S89‐S97.

PubMed ID: 31862751

• American Diabetes Association. 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43:S98‐S110.

PubMed ID: 31862752

• American Diabetes Association. 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43:S111‐S134.

PubMed ID: 31862753

• Arnold SV, Bhatt DL, Barsness GW, et al. Clinical Management of Stable Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141:e779‐e806.

PubMed ID: 32279539

• Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases Developed in Collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2020;41:255‐323.

PubMed ID: 31497854

• Buse JB, Wexler DJ, Tsapas A, et al. 2019 Update to: Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2020;43:487‐493.

PubMed ID: 31857443

• Dunlay SM, Givertz MM, Aguilar D, et al. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the Heart Failure Society of America: This statement does not represent an update of the 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA heart failure guideline update. Circulation. 2019;140:e294‐e324.

PubMed ID: 31167558

• Fuentes B, Ntaios G, Putaala J, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) Guidelines on Glycaemia Management in Acute Stroke. Eur Stroke J. 2018;3:5‐21.

PubMed ID: 31008333

• Davies MJ, D’Alessio DA, Fradkin J, et al. Management of Hyperglycaemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 2018;61:2461‐2498.

PubMed ID: 30288571

• Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. Diabetes Canada 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes in Canada. Can J Diabetes. 2018;42:S1-S325

Link: Can J Diabetes

WEBSITES

• American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE)

Diabetes Resource Center

• American Heart Association (AHA)

Guidelines and Statements

• American Diabetes Association (ADA)

Practice Guidelines Resources

• Diabetes Canada

Guidelines

• European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

Guidelines and Scientific Documents

• European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)

Statements

• Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada

Position Statements

• International Diabetes Federation (IDF)

Guidelines

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

Diabetes

• World Health Organization (WHO)

Diabetes

PUBLICATIONS

• US Preventive Services Task Force, Krist AH, Davidson KW, et al. Interventions for Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2021;325:265-279.

PubMed ID: 33464343

• Bhatnagar A, Whitsel LP, Blaha MJ, et al. New and Emerging Tobacco Products and the Nicotine Endgame: The Role of Robust Regulation and Comprehensive Tobacco Control and Prevention: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139:e937‐e9589.

PubMed ID: 30862181

• Barua RS, Rigotti NA, Benowitz NL, et al. 2018 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Tobacco Cessation Treatment: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72:3332‐3365.

PubMed ID: 30527452

• Verbiest M, Brakema E, van der Kleij R, et al. National guidelines for smoking cessation in primary care: a literature review and evidence analysis. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2017;27:2.

PubMed ID: 28108747

• Reid RD, Pritchard G, Walker K, Aitken D, Mullen KA, Pipe AL. Managing smoking cessation. CMAJ. 2016;188:E484‐E492.

PubMed ID: 27698200

WEBSITES

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Clinical Guidelines for Prescribing Pharmacotherapy for Smoking Cessation

• American Heart Association (AHA)

Guidelines and Statements

• American Lung Association

Quit Smoking

• Canadian Action Network for the Advancement, Dissemination and Adoption of Practice-informed Tobacco Treatment (CAN-ADAPTT)

CAN-ADAPTT Practice-Informed Guidelines

• Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Quit Smoking

• Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada

Position Statements

• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

Smoking and Your Heart

• National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)

Stop Smoking Interventions and Services

• Surgeon General

Tobacco Reports And Publications

• World Health Organization (WHO)

Quitting Tobacco

PUBLICATIONS

• American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, et al. 8. Obesity and Weight Management for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S113-S124.

PubMed ID: 34964843

• Powell-Wiley TM, Poirier P, Burke LE, et al. Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;143:e984-e1010.

PubMed ID: 33882682

• Oppert JM, Bellicha A, van Baak MA, et al. Exercise training in the management of overweight and obesity in adults: Synthesis of the evidence and recommendations from the European Association for the Study of Obesity Physical Activity Working Group. Obes Rev. 2021;22 Suppl 4:e13273.

PubMed ID: 34076949

• American Diabetes Association. 8. Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43:S89‐S97.

PubMed ID: 31862751

• Wharton S, Lau DCW, Vallis M, et al. Obesity in adults: a clinical practice guideline. CMAJ. 2020;192:E875-E891.

PubMed ID: 32753461

• Semlitsch T, Stigler FL, Jeitler K, Horvath K, Siebenhofer A. Management of Overweight and Obesity in Primary Care-A Systematic Overview of International Evidence-Based Guidelines. Obes Rev. 2019;20:1218‐1230.

PubMed ID: 31286668

• Durrer Schutz D, Busetto L, Dicker D, et al. European Practical and Patient-Centred Guidelines for Adult Obesity Management in Primary Care. Obes Facts. 2019;12:40‐66.

PubMed ID: 30673677

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WEBSITES

• American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE)

Nutrition and Obesity Resource Center

• American Heart Association (AHA)

Guidelines and Statements

• European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO)

Guidelines

• Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada

Position Statements

• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

Overweight and Obesity

• National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)

Obesity

• Obesity Canada

Clinical Practice Guidelines

• The Obesity Society

Position Statements

• World Obesity

Policy Dossiers

• World Health Organization (WHO)

Obesity